Fig. 1.

In the life of early man the Sun has always occupied a central position. It caught the imagination because the Sun gave him warmth, light, life, and acted as his clock. Because of this, early man made the Sun his god and goddess, and worshipped it. Even today, in modern times, the Sun is worshipped in many countries and religions. Number of temples dedicated to the Sun god had been built. Many of the great cities of the ancient world were known as "The City of the Sun", such as Baalbec, Rhodes, and Heliopolis.
In the Shamakhy region of Azerbaijan up to now the name of country the "Dada Gunesh" - Grandfather Sun.
Ancient peoples watch the Sun's  motion during the large interval of time found out simple laws of movement and cyclic moving of the sunrise and sunset sites. By counting of the day number in the period of cyclic moving from the south to the north and back, they define the year day’s number. Thus he used or natural reference points as a peaks of the far mountains,  direction of two rocks and natural apertures - cracks in canyons etc., or built special structures, such as standing stones and structure of the type of New Grand Ireland and et al.. From recent time all surviving up to now similar objects of the world are included into the list Astronomical Heritage Centre of the World Heritage of UNESCO.
In our opinion, some objects of the Gobustan Reserve of rock carvings of Azerbaijan from this point of view deserve attention and it is required realizations of the detailed researches.
The first place among such of the Gobustan applicants, undoubtedly, takes the Stone №1 from the lower terrace of the Beyukdash Mountain (fig. 2).
The huge rock Stone №1 in front reminds the ship lying on the starboard, taking to direction to the north.
During strong earthquake the neighbouring rock has fallen on a stone 1 and has split him.
From both site of boards the Stone1 is processed as an inclined niche. On the smooth wall of the east niche carved the long boat, with crew 40 daggers, on the bent neck passing to the short line of 9 short strokes and shining Sun on the nose (fig.3). On the edge of the niche ceiling, opposite to the shining Sun the notching is cut.

Fig.2. Stone №1


Fig.3. Stone №1
The presence of marks on the ceiling of a niche, coincidence of the shadow of the edge ceiling to the boat and the 23 degree heading flight of the sun boat testifies to astronomical properties of the Stone №1.
Such arrangement and grouping daggers and strokes conform to a designation of the nearly number of days in one year with the help of the simple arithmetic account: 9х40 (= 360).
Use 40 days as some time unit probably is ancient tradition. In Azerbaijan forty day time units of a winter season of year (chilla in Azerbaijan language) till now are used.

Fig. 3'.
Thus, it is possible to conclude, that the Stone 1 is an ancient gnomon type solar year calendar. 
So speak (some authors so write), that up to middle of the last century, peoples of the adjacent territory per days of a holiday Newrooz visits Gobustan’s stones. Such visiting, maybe, one of the forms of reverence of spirits of ancestors, however, such visiting can be explained also to those, in ancient times the people went to Gobustan to learn about approach Newrooz holiday.  Newrooz is the main holiday of sun worshipping peoples. This holiday till now is celebrated by many peoples per day of the spring equinox.
On the inclined skirts of niches at attentive survey can to see figures of small boats sailing from the "Sky Boat" to the sea. Above these figures opposite to the shining Sun later engraved the figure of Bull, on it a contour constellation of the Twins, under legs of Bull two figures of Aries. One Aries engraving is very old, hardly appreciable other rather new and strongly distinguished on a technique of rock carving.
On the inclined skirts of niches at attentive survey can be seeing figures of small boats sailing from the "Sky Boat" to the sea. Above these figures opposite to the shining Sun later engraved the figure of Bull, on it a contour constellation of the Twins, under legs of Bull two figures of Aries. One Aries engraving is very old, hardly appreciable other rather new and strongly distinguished on a technique of rock carving.
  Whether are these figures continuation of the astronomical theme, say, as zodiac constellations of the spring equinox for the last six thousand periods?
As a result of precession for this period the point of the spring equinox has moved from constellation of Twins (7000 years back) at first in constellation Bull (5000 years back), then in constellation Aries (3000 years back).
Let's remind that now point of the spring equinox has passed in constellation of Fish, though for hit the mark of Aries g is used.
If, actually, during of the 5000 year  period the Gobustan's mans  used as a calendar the Stone 1, that, they could notice such change and serially to mark to constellation of the equinox.
The following fact deserving attention is the angle of an inclination of the niche or of the « Sky boats » body to the horizontal plane of the Stone № 1. This angle is approximately equal 23 degree, what is close to angle of the ecliptic inclination 23 degree 27 minute?!
Though it can look fantastic, early man could notice of the position of planes of diurnal movement in the sky in the winter and summer.
To the most fantastic conclusions results comparison of the Gobustan  boats with Ancient Egyptian boats and symbols of the sun worships: the boat of sun from the a Stone 1 and from the Ancient Egypt have two, hanging downwards lines. The Horus eyes also have two, hanging downwards lines.
The English archaeologist Sir William Flinders Peltries noted that the hieroglyph "Bakhay" is used in the Egyptian "Book of the Dead" which dates back to the 2 nd millennium BC. There the word is thought to refer to the location where the city of Baku stands today and has been interpreted to mean "the mountain of Bakhou of the rising Sun". Let's remind that Baku located at distance of 54 km from far Gobustan’s.